HIV infection can attack the immune system and progress to AIDS if left untreated. AIDS causes various infectious diseases and metabolic disorders. Many people with HIV are unaware of their infection for years. HIV is transmitted through sexual contact, sharing needles, and from mother to child. HIV diagnosis is established through serology and virology tests. Serology tests are used to screen for HIV infection. These tests detect HIV antibodies and antigens. Rapid tests and ECLIA are common...

What is BCR-ABL Testing? BCR-ABL testing is a diagnostic tool used to help doctors identify a specific type of blood cancer known as chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). This test is also utilized to monitor the effectiveness of the treatment provided to patients already diagnosed with this disease. How Does This Test Work? Within our bodies, blood cells are produced by the bone marrow. In individuals with CML, changes occur in the genetic material or DNA, causing these blood cells to prolifer...

The Fertility Panel is a series of examinations designed to identify the causes of infertility in both men and women, enabling accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Infertility is a reproductive system disorder characterized by the inability to achieve clinical pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse (WHO). Approximately 15% of couples experience infertility, with 30% of cases caused by male factors.    MALE FERTILITY PANEL:   Laboratory Examinat...

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is defined as a chronic metabolic disorder with multiple causes. It is characterized by high blood sugar levels and disturbances in carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism due to insulin dysfunction. This dysfunction can result from impaired or insufficient insulin production by the beta cells in the pancreas or the body's reduced responsiveness to insulin (WHO, 1999).   Diabetes often develops without symptoms, but there are some signs to watch for as potential ind...

Breast cancer ranks first in the number of cancer cases and is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide each year. Risk factors closely associated with the increased incidence of breast cancer include being female, age over 50, family and genetic history, a history of breast disease, early menstruation (55 years), reproductive history, hormonal factors, obesity, alcohol consumption, a history of radiation exposure to the chest wall, and environmental factors. After being diagnosed...

When experiencing stroke symptoms or signs of "Immediate Action to the Hospital," patients should promptly check their health condition by going to a doctor's practice or a hospital. There are several methods and tests that will be conducted to diagnose early stroke symptoms, including: Physical Examination This includes several simple tests such as blood pressure, heart rate, and early neurological disorder symptoms. Some neurological examinations that will be performed include: Ale...