When gallstones are accompanied by several symptoms, it is advisable to seek immediate medical attention. Pramita's friends can consult a doctor to receive appropriate treatment. Here are some examinations typically performed by doctors to accurately diagnose gallstones: 1. Laboratory Tests Various laboratory tests can be conducted, such as complete blood count, liver function tests (such as SGOT, SGPT, ALP, Bilirubin), lipid profile, and a complete urine analysis. 2. Abdominal...

The diagnosis of pneumonia in children is established based on a medical history, physical examination, and supporting tests. In the medical history, complaints experienced by the patient can be identified, including: fever, cough, restlessness, irritability, and shortness of breath. In infants, symptoms are often nonspecific, often without fever and cough. Older children may sometimes complain of headaches, abdominal pain, and vomiting. During the physical examination, a number of pathologic...

Some easily recognizable symptoms when someone is experiencing: 1. Sinusitis.       Swelling of the nasal passages, pus-like discharge, swelling, redness around the eyes and cheeks. 2. Nasal Polyps      Slowly progressive nasal congestion accompanied by decreased olfactory function, headaches and a feeling of pressure on the forehead as well as upper tooth pain and others. Supporting examinations to confirm the diagnosis include:       • History       •    Physical examination       • La...

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a virus that attacks / damages the body's immune system so that the body's ability to fight infection / disease becomes weak. HIV testing can be carried out on someone with the following indications: 1. Every adult, child, teenager with a medical condition suspected of HIV infection, especially with a history of Tuberculosis (TB) and venereal disease. 2. Antenatal care for pregnant women & women giving birth 3. Newborn babies from HIV-infected mo...

To screen for diabetes mellitus, several tests can be carried out: 1. History Many patients suffering from type-1 DM have no early symptoms so early detection of this disease is quite difficult. The most common symptom of DM in children is polyuria, other symptoms are usually not reported directly to the doctor. 2. Physical Examination Physical examination findings in patients with type 1 DM can be normal. If the patient presents in an acute condition, namely diabetic ketoacidosis, K...

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is defined as a disease or chronic metabolic disorder with multiple etiologies which is characterized by high blood sugar levels accompanied by disorders of carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism as a result of insulin function insufficiency. Insufficiency of insulin function can be caused by interference or deficiency in insulin production by the Langerhans beta cells of the pancreatic gland, or caused by a lack of responsiveness of the body's cells to insulin. Typ...