Why Do Children Often Have Nosebleeds?

Nosebleeds or epistaxis are a common condition frequently seen in children. Although generally harmless, recurring nosebleeds can be a sign of an underlying medical issue that requires further attention.
Dear Pramita Friends, understanding the causes and relevant laboratory tests is essential for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Causes of Nosebleeds in Children

1. Allergic Rhinitis
Children with allergic rhinitis are at a higher risk of nosebleeds, especially when skin tests show positive reactions to allergens. This may indicate a disruption in the hemostatic (blood clotting) mechanism, which is commonly seen in children with atopy.

2. Respiratory Infections or Irritation
Exposure to dry air, upper respiratory tract infections, or frequent nose picking can cause the nasal mucosa to become dry and prone to bleeding.

3. Blood Clotting Disorders and Systemic Diseases
Conditions such as chronic hepatitis B can lead to recurrent nosebleeds due to clotting abnormalities and damage to the nasal mucosa.

4. Minor Trauma and Environmental Factors
Nosebleeds may also result from mild physical trauma, such as during play or sports—common among school-aged children.

Recommended Laboratory Tests

1. Complete Blood Count (CBC)
Helps detect abnormalities in platelet count or red blood cells that may contribute to bleeding.

2. Bleeding Time and Clotting Time (BT, PT, aPTT)
Important to assess the function of the blood clotting system, especially if the child has a history of severe or prolonged nosebleeds.

3. Allergy Tests (Skin Prick Test or Total IgE)
Recommended when allergic rhinitis is suspected as a trigger for recurring nosebleeds.

4. Liver Function Tests (AST, ALT, Albumin)
Necessary for children with suspected liver disease such as hepatitis, since impaired liver function may worsen bleeding tendencies.

Conclusion

Nosebleeds in children can be caused by various factors, ranging from allergies, infections, to clotting disorders.
Pramita Friends are encouraged to undergo appropriate laboratory tests to identify the exact cause and ensure optimal treatment.