HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) attacks the immune system, while AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) is the final stage of HIV infection when the immune system is severely weakened. Transmission occurs through unsafe sexual contact, sharing needles, blood transfusions, or from mother to child. HIV can be diagnosed through antibody tests, PCR, and CD4 count. Although there’s no cure, antiretroviral therapy (ARV) helps suppress the virus and improve quality of life. Early detection and prevention remain the best strategies to stay healthy and prevent transmission.