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LOVE YOUR HEART
Wed, 28 Sep 2022
ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a clinical manifestation of the critical phase of coronary artery disease, namely a collection of complaints and clinical signs that are consistent with acute cardiac infarction. Acute coronary syndrome occurs when there is an imbalance between oxygen supply and demand in the heart muscle, due to inadequate blood and oxygen supply.
Cardiac infarction is an event of death of heart muscle cells due to ongoing ischemia, can be caused by coronary heart disease, blockage of blood flow by plaque in the coronary arteries and other obstructions such as arterial spasm.
EPIDEMIOLOGY
Coronary heart disease is the main cause of death globally, according to data from the World Health Organization (WHO) which states that coronary heart disease is the number one cause of death in the world for the last 15 years. In 2015 the number of deaths was 7.4 million (13%) worldwide, WHO estimates that this number will increase and by 2030 will reach 23.6 million people in the world who die from coronary heart disease.
The prevalence of heart disease in Indonesia based on the Basic Health Research published by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia in 2018 is 1.5%.
REASON
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a condition due to prolonged ischemia that occurs in the heart muscle. This situation causes the blood flow to the heart muscle through the coronary arteries to be reduced, thereby defeating the repair mechanism of the heart muscle to maintain a normal balance of heart function. Permanent damage and death of heart muscle cells is caused by the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. The first step occurs atherosclerosis as a result of endothelial damage so that the Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in the blood vessels will enter the lining of the blood vessels, here there will be an inflammatory process and the formation of a thrombus will continue so that it ends with the formation of atherosclerosis.
Atherosclerosis is a process that underlies the formation of narrowing of blood vessels, if the narrowing is more than 70%, blood flow will be disrupted and cause clinical manifestations as chest pain.
RISK FACTOR
According to the American Heart Association (AHA) that risk factors for heart infarction are divided into:
1. Modifiable risk factors, such as: smoking, diabetes mellitus, hypertension,
dyslipidemia, lifestyle, obesity, physical activity and psychosocial factors.
2. Risk factors that cannot be modified, such as: age, gender and family history of disease.
PREVENTION
Heart attacks can be avoided early on by reducing risk factors, namely by controlling blood pressure, not eating trigger foods, such as foods that contain fat, high-calorie foods and not smoking. For that, start living a healthy lifestyle by eating healthy foods, exercising regularly and maintaining an ideal body weight which can also reduce the risk of heart disease.
Author: Prof.Dr.dr. Ellyza Nasrul Sp.PK(K) (Doctor in Charge of PRAMITA Clinical Laboratory Jl. Ahmad Yani No. 39, Padang)
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a clinical manifestation of the critical phase of coronary artery disease, namely a collection of complaints and clinical signs that are consistent with acute cardiac infarction. Acute coronary syndrome occurs when there is an imbalance between oxygen supply and demand in the heart muscle, due to inadequate blood and oxygen supply.
Cardiac infarction is an event of death of heart muscle cells due to ongoing ischemia, can be caused by coronary heart disease, blockage of blood flow by plaque in the coronary arteries and other obstructions such as arterial spasm.
EPIDEMIOLOGY
Coronary heart disease is the main cause of death globally, according to data from the World Health Organization (WHO) which states that coronary heart disease is the number one cause of death in the world for the last 15 years. In 2015 the number of deaths was 7.4 million (13%) worldwide, WHO estimates that this number will increase and by 2030 will reach 23.6 million people in the world who die from coronary heart disease.
The prevalence of heart disease in Indonesia based on the Basic Health Research published by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia in 2018 is 1.5%.
REASON
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a condition due to prolonged ischemia that occurs in the heart muscle. This situation causes the blood flow to the heart muscle through the coronary arteries to be reduced, thereby defeating the repair mechanism of the heart muscle to maintain a normal balance of heart function. Permanent damage and death of heart muscle cells is caused by the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. The first step occurs atherosclerosis as a result of endothelial damage so that the Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in the blood vessels will enter the lining of the blood vessels, here there will be an inflammatory process and the formation of a thrombus will continue so that it ends with the formation of atherosclerosis.
Atherosclerosis is a process that underlies the formation of narrowing of blood vessels, if the narrowing is more than 70%, blood flow will be disrupted and cause clinical manifestations as chest pain.
RISK FACTOR
According to the American Heart Association (AHA) that risk factors for heart infarction are divided into:
1. Modifiable risk factors, such as: smoking, diabetes mellitus, hypertension,
dyslipidemia, lifestyle, obesity, physical activity and psychosocial factors.
2. Risk factors that cannot be modified, such as: age, gender and family history of disease.
PREVENTION
Heart attacks can be avoided early on by reducing risk factors, namely by controlling blood pressure, not eating trigger foods, such as foods that contain fat, high-calorie foods and not smoking. For that, start living a healthy lifestyle by eating healthy foods, exercising regularly and maintaining an ideal body weight which can also reduce the risk of heart disease.
Author: Prof.Dr.dr. Ellyza Nasrul Sp.PK(K) (Doctor in Charge of PRAMITA Clinical Laboratory Jl. Ahmad Yani No. 39, Padang)
