What is BCR-ABL Testing?

BCR-ABL testing is a diagnostic tool used to help doctors identify a specific type of blood cancer known as chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). This test is also utilized to monitor the effectiveness of the treatment provided to patients already diagnosed with this disease.

How Does This Test Work?
Within our bodies, blood cells are produced by the bone marrow. In individuals with CML, changes occur in the genetic material or DNA, causing these blood cells to proliferate abnormally. These changes result from the exchange of information between two genes that should be separate, namely the BCR and ABL genes. As a result, an abnormal protein is formed, leading to the rapid and uncontrollable proliferation of blood cells.

The BCR-ABL test is performed to detect the presence of this abnormal protein in the body. In other words, this test assists doctors in confirming whether a person is indeed suffering from chronic myeloid leukemia. If the test results indicate the presence of the BCR-ABL protein, there is a high likelihood that the patient has CML.

When is This Test Conducted?
Doctors typically recommend the BCR-ABL test if someone exhibits suspicious symptoms such as prolonged fatigue, unexplained weight loss, or frequent illness. Furthermore, for those already diagnosed with chronic myeloid leukemia, this test is conducted periodically to monitor whether the ongoing treatment is effective.

What is the Testing Process?
To conduct this test, a doctor will take a blood sample from the patient. This sample is then tested in a laboratory to see if the BCR-ABL protein is present. The results of this test provide doctors with information about the patient's condition, whether the disease is worsening or improving after treatment.

Benefits of BCR-ABL Testing
This examination is crucial not only for diagnosing the disease early but also for monitoring the effectiveness of the treatment. With this test, doctors can determine if the therapy provided is appropriate or needs adjustment to improve treatment success.

Conclusion
BCR-ABL testing is an essential tool for detecting and managing chronic myeloid leukemia. By conducting this test, doctors can ensure accurate diagnosis and provide more targeted treatment.

References:

1. American Cancer Society. "Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)." https://www.cancer.org/cancer/chronic-myeloid-leukemia/about.html

2. Mayo Clinic. "Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia." https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-myelogenous-leukemia/symptoms-causes

3. National Cancer Institute. "Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Treatment (PDQ®)–Patient Version." https://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/patient/cml-treatment-pdq

Author: Dr. Eriza Dwi Indah Lestari (Medical Consultant at PRAMITA Clinical Lab)