Asthma is a chronic inflammatory condition of the airways in the lungs, which leads to their narrowing and swelling, and causes symptoms like breathing difficulties, wheezing, coughing, and chest tightness.

When these symptoms worsen, it is called an asthma attack or exacerbation. The exact cause of asthma is not known, but researchers believe that a combination of genetic and environmental factors may lead to it.

There are various triggers that can cause asthma, including:

•       Allergic asthma caused by allergens. Allergens are substances that cause an allergic reaction, such as:

     o        Dust mites

     o        Mold

     o        Pets

     o        Pollen from grass and trees

     o        Droppings from cockroaches and rats

     o        Foods that can cause allergies, such as eggs, cow's milk, nuts, wheat, fish, shellfish, and fruits.

•       Non-allergic asthma caused by non-allergen triggers, such as:

     o        Inhaling cold air

     o        Certain medications

     o        Household chemicals

     o        Infections like colds and flu

     o        Air pollution

     o        Cigarette smoke

•       Occupational asthma caused by inhaling chemicals or dust at work.

•       Exercise-induced asthma, which occurs during physical activity, especially in dry air.

Asthma cannot be cured, but it can be controlled by avoiding asthma triggers that need to be identified. Asthma triggers can vary in every individual and change over time. If asthma is severe and difficult to control, it is advisable to consult a doctor.

Author: Dr. Afi Falizia (Medical Doctor at PRAMITA Clinic Branch Jl. Ngagel Jaya No. 18 Surabaya)