What is the Prostate?

The prostate is a male genital organ located below the bladder, in front of the rectum, and surrounds the posterior urethra. The prostate gland is situated beneath the bladder, encircles the posterior urethra, and is connected to the bladder proximally, while its distal part attaches to the urogenital diaphragm, often referred to as the pelvic floor muscles.

Prostate Physiology?

The prostate gland functions by secreting alkaline fluid that neutralizes the acidic vaginal secretions to support the survival of sperm.

Risk Factors for Prostate Enlargement?

Various studies have found a positive correlation between BPH (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia), a condition where the prostate gland enlarges without being caused by cancer, and the following factors: family history of BPH, lack of physical activity, low-fiber diet, vitamin E intake, red meat consumption, obesity, metabolic syndrome, chronic inflammation of the prostate, and heart disease.

How to Maintain Prostate Health?

To maintain prostate health and prevent prostate enlargement and prostate cancer, there are several ways that can be followed.

1. Consume Red Fruits and Vegetables

One way to prevent prostate cancer in men is by consuming red fruits and vegetables. Examples of such fruits and vegetables include tomatoes, watermelon, and other red-colored fruits and vegetables. These fruits and vegetables are rich in a powerful antioxidant called lycopene.

It has been found that men who consume red fruits and vegetables have a lower risk of developing prostate cancer compared to those who don't. Additionally, consuming tomatoes helps the body absorb lycopene more easily. The redder the tomatoes, the higher the lycopene content.

2. Consume Soy and Tea

Another way to potentially prevent prostate cancer is by regularly consuming soy and tea. These foods contain isoflavones, which are associated with a reduced risk of prostate cancer. Isoflavones can also be found in tofu, beans, legumes, and sprouts.

3. Exercise Regularly

Regular exercise can lower the risk of prostate cancer. Being overweight or obese is associated with an increased risk of aggressive prostate cancer. Regular physical activity can help maintain a healthy weight. The benefits of exercise include increased muscle mass and improved metabolism. Some exercises that can be done regularly include walking, jogging or running, cycling, and swimming. Apart from preventing prostate disorders, regular exercise promotes overall health and reduces the risk of various health issues.

4. Quit Smoking

Men who smoke have a higher risk of prostate cancer compared to non-smokers. If you have the habit of smoking, it is advisable to quit to reduce the risk of this disease.

5. Limit Fat Consumption

It is recommended to consume low-fat foods. Consuming excessive fat can increase the risk of prostate cancer, especially if you have uncontrollable risk factors. Ensure a diet rich in vegetables, fruits, and lean meats. Also, limit the consumption of grilled or charred foods, as they can trigger the formation of carcinogens.

Author: Dr. Nurul Wijayanti (Medical Laboratory Service Doctor at PRAMITA Clinic, Jl. Parang Kusumo No. 2, Surabaya)

References:

1. Johns Hopkins Medicine. Accessed in 2023.
2. Keeping a Healthy Prostate. Harvard Health Publishing. Accessed in 2023. 10 diet & exercise tips for prostate health.
3. Indonesian Urology Association (IAUI). 2015. Clinical Management Guidelines for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)