A cancer screening exam is a preliminary exam used to detect the presence of cancer before a person develops cancer. Those who have a high risk of developing cancer are advised to have this examination done on a regular basis.

Cancer screening exams include the following:

* Anamnesis and physical examination of the doctor; the doctor checks for physical indications of cancer, such as lumps or other abnormalities, and anamnesis of medical history, family history, habits, and medications taken.

* A laboratory checkup.

Blood, urine, or body tissue are used in laboratory tests. Blood tests may be performed to check for tumor markers or a complete blood count. 

     * Imaging examination. Examinations that provide a picture / structure of the body (e.g. X-ray examination, ultrasound examination, CT scan examination, MRI examination).

     * Genetic / DNA testing

Cancer screening is done depending on the type of cancer we want to know.

The following is cancer screening by type of cancer:

Breast Cancer Screening:

* Physical examination of the breast (can also be self-examination / realize)

* Ultrasound examination

* Mammography Examination

* MRI examination

* Blood tests / Tumor Markers (CEA, CA 15-3)

* An imaging test. examinations that show the body's structure or anatomy (e.g. X-ray examination, ultrasound examination, CT scan examination, MRI examination).

* DNA and genetic testing

Depending on the type of cancer we want to know about, we perform cancer screening.

Cancer screening is broken down into the following categories:

Breast cancer screening includes the following:

* Physical examination of the breast (which you can also do yourself)

* Ultrasound

* Mammography

* MRI

* Blood

* Tumor Markers (CEA, CA 15-3)

Colon Cancer Screening (Colonorectal)

* Colonoscopy/Sigmoidoscopy Exam

* Examination of occult blood (feces)

* Fecal DNA Analysis

* Colon Cancer Screening (Colonorectal)

* Analysis of the barium enema

* Review of Tumor Markers (CEA, CA 19-9)

Screening for Cervical Cancer

* Pap smear examination

* HPV DNA testing

Colon Cancer Screening (Colonorectal)

* Colonoscopy/ Sigmoidoscopy Examination

* Occult Blood (Feces) Examination

* DNA Examination of Feces

* Barium Enema Examination

 * Tumor Marker Examination (CEA, CA 19-9)

Cervical cancer screening

* HPV DNA testing

* Pap smear examination

Screening for Prostate Cancer

* DRE examination (prostate feeling on doctor's physical examination)

* Prostate ultrasound examination

* Tumor Markers (PSA)

Lung Cancer Screening

* X-Ray Examination of the Lungs

* CT Scan Examination

* Tumor Marker Examination (CEA, NSE, SCC)

Screening for Liver Cancer

* Medical Exam

* Tumor markers are examined using ultrasound to examine the liver (AFP)

* Testicular Cancer Screening

* Doctor Examination

 Examination of Tumor Markers (AFP)

* Beta HCG screening

* Ultrasound examination of the testicles

Gastric Cancer Screening

 Tumor Markers (Ca 19-9, CEA, AFP)

Blood Cancer Screening

* CBC ( Cell Blood Count) Test

* Blood smear examination and Type count

* Doctor Examination

Author: Dr. Odilia Lustriana (medical consultant doctor of PRAMITA Clinic Lab Branch Jl. M. Toha No. 163 Bandung)