Diagnosing autoimmune diseases, including Lupus, cannot be done with a single test. Doctors may use a combination of various tests, both general and specific, based on the patient's medical history, symptoms, and previous physical examinations. The selection of tests also varies according to each patient's health history.

General laboratory tests such as complete blood count, complete urine analysis, X-ray, ECG, and C-reactive protein (CRP) may be performed to determine any inflammation in the body. The initial blood chemistry for SLE patients includes tests for kidney function (creatinine), liver function (SGOT & SGPT), albumin, and blood glucose levels.

One specific type of autoantibody test is the ANA (antinuclear antibody) test. A positive ANA test indicates that a person has one of the autoimmune diseases, but the specific type of disease cannot be determined. The ANTI-ds DNA test helps in diagnosing patients with a positive ANA test and symptoms related to SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus).

Other laboratory tests, such as the Antistrepyolysin Test (ASTO) and Rheumatoid Factor, may be used if there is suspicion of other autoimmune diseases. The ASTO test is performed to help diagnose diseases caused by Streptococcus group A bacteria. Meanwhile, the Rheumatoid Factor test is used to diagnose Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Currently, there are many tests available for autoimmune diseases. Therefore, it is best to consult the doctor first regarding the patient's symptoms and complaints.

Author: Dr. Alamanda Prycilia (Medical Doctor at PRAMITA Clinic Branch on Jl. Jemur Andayani No. 67, Surabaya)