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KNOWING CANCER IN THE LIVER
Wed, 3 Aug 2022
The liver is the largest organ in the body as well as a metabolic organ, located in the upper right part of the abdomen, which consists of a right lobe and a left lobe.
The main functions of the liver play an important role, namely:
• Production and storage of glucose for use when needed
• Making bile to digest fats in food
• Detoxification of toxins and alcohol for excretion
• Manufacture of proteins, blood clotting substances, antibodies and cholesterol.
HEART CANCER
Liver cancer is the number 3 killer cancer after lung cancer and colon cancer. Liver cancer occurs in the liver or liver and can spread to other organs, this disease is relatively difficult to cure because liver cancer is usually diagnosed at an intermediate or late stage, thus affecting the cure rate. Liver cancer occurs when cells in the liver mutate, then divide uncontrollably and tumors begin to form.
4 (four) Stages of Liver Cancer:
• Stage A:
This is the initial stage of a person experiencing liver cancer. In this stage, liver function is still normal, and only mild to moderate disturbances occur and the patient does not feel sick.
• Stage B:
It is an advanced stage of stage A liver cancer. At this stage the liver function is still working normally, but several large tumors will be found in the liver. However, overall liver function is still not compromised.
• Stage C:
At this stage the cancer cells have spread to several parts of the body. Starting from the blood vessels, lymph nodes and other organs. At this stage the patient's condition worsens and looks unwell. However, the liver can still function but not as well as before.
• Stage D:
At this stage, organ function begins to be disrupted, indicating that the cancer has spread to other organs, such as the lungs and bones. The patient begins to have difficulty performing daily activities. If it is at this stage, the size of the tumor found is no longer a reference.
Liver cancer can be classified into 2 (two) namely primary liver cancer and secondary or metastatic liver cancer.
A. PRIMARY LIVER CANCER
Primary liver cancer is cancer that begins in the liver. There are several types of primary liver cancer, namely:
• Hepatocellular carcinoma
Hepatocellular carcinoma is liver cancer that begins in the main cells that make up liver tissue (hepatocyte cells). Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common type of primary liver cancer, accounting for 75% of all cases of liver cancer.
• Liver angiosarcoma
Liver angiosarcoma is liver cancer that begins in the blood vessel cells in the liver. Angiosarcoma tends to develop rapidly and is often only detected at an advanced stage.
• Cholangiocarcinoma
Cholangiocarcinoma is a liver cancer that grows in the cells of the bile ducts. Cholangiocarcinoma can start in the bile ducts that are inside the liver (intrahepatic) or in the bile ducts outside the liver (extrahepatic).
• Hepatoblastoma
Hepatoblastoma is liver cancer that starts from immature liver cells. This cancer is very rare and usually only occurs in children under 3 years of age.
B. SECONDARY LIVER CANCER
Secondary liver cancer is cancer that grows in other organs and then spreads to the liver. Cancers from other organs that most often spread to the liver are stomach cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer and breast cancer.
CAUSE FACTORS OF LIVER CANCER:
• Chronic hepatitis B virus
• Liver cirrhosis
• Hepatitis C
• Alcoholic
• Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)
• Non Alcoholic Hepatosteatosis (NASH)
• Consumption of toxic foods that are high in aflatoxins
• Long-term exposure to pollutants such as inhaling PVC used in plastics manufacturing plants
• Congenital cholangitis or choledochal cysts can cause bile duct cancer.
HOW TO PREVENT LIVER CANCER:
• Stop smoking
• Stop alcohol
• Adequate rest and high antioxidant consumption
• Avoid transmission of hepatitis B virus
• Use condoms and do not reuse used needles
• Store food properly and be aware of food that has been contaminated eg nuts, seeds and corn can rot and produce aflatoxins which can increase the risk of developing liver cancer. The food should be stored in a cool place to avoid spoilage.
• Hepatitis virus carriers should have regular medical check-ups, which can help detect the disease at an early stage.
• Maintain ideal body weight to prevent fatty liver which will have an impact on liver cancer
• Avoid using illegal drugs
• Do not change partners to prevent transmission of hepatitis B and C viruses.
• Routinely wash hands with soap and water before activities and before eating
• Get hepatitis B vaccination to prevent hepatitis transmission.
WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF LIVER CANCER?
In general, the liver can repair itself, but in conditions such as liver cancer at an early stage it does not show significant symptoms because even though there is a small portion of the normal liver from the liver, the liver can still function as usual. As the tumor grows larger, the patient will experience the following symptoms:
• Right upper quadrant abdominal pain
• Right shoulder pain: if the liver is swollen it can stimulate the diaphragmatic nerve and this nerve is connected to a nerve located in the right shoulder
• Loss of appetite and weight, feeling nauseous and sleepy
• Palpable lump in upper right abdomen
• Yellow skin and eyes, itchy skin (the bile duct is blocked by a tumor and causes bile pigment to build up in the bloodstream and cause jaundice).
• Dark tea-colored urine and pale stools
• Ascites (fluid collection in the abdomen).
Author: dr yulia agustina (Pramita Clinical Laboratory Medical Consultant Doctor Jl. DI. Panjaitan No. 7-7A Kampung Kali, Semarang)
The main functions of the liver play an important role, namely:
• Production and storage of glucose for use when needed
• Making bile to digest fats in food
• Detoxification of toxins and alcohol for excretion
• Manufacture of proteins, blood clotting substances, antibodies and cholesterol.
HEART CANCER
Liver cancer is the number 3 killer cancer after lung cancer and colon cancer. Liver cancer occurs in the liver or liver and can spread to other organs, this disease is relatively difficult to cure because liver cancer is usually diagnosed at an intermediate or late stage, thus affecting the cure rate. Liver cancer occurs when cells in the liver mutate, then divide uncontrollably and tumors begin to form.
4 (four) Stages of Liver Cancer:
• Stage A:
This is the initial stage of a person experiencing liver cancer. In this stage, liver function is still normal, and only mild to moderate disturbances occur and the patient does not feel sick.
• Stage B:
It is an advanced stage of stage A liver cancer. At this stage the liver function is still working normally, but several large tumors will be found in the liver. However, overall liver function is still not compromised.
• Stage C:
At this stage the cancer cells have spread to several parts of the body. Starting from the blood vessels, lymph nodes and other organs. At this stage the patient's condition worsens and looks unwell. However, the liver can still function but not as well as before.
• Stage D:
At this stage, organ function begins to be disrupted, indicating that the cancer has spread to other organs, such as the lungs and bones. The patient begins to have difficulty performing daily activities. If it is at this stage, the size of the tumor found is no longer a reference.
Liver cancer can be classified into 2 (two) namely primary liver cancer and secondary or metastatic liver cancer.
A. PRIMARY LIVER CANCER
Primary liver cancer is cancer that begins in the liver. There are several types of primary liver cancer, namely:
• Hepatocellular carcinoma
Hepatocellular carcinoma is liver cancer that begins in the main cells that make up liver tissue (hepatocyte cells). Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common type of primary liver cancer, accounting for 75% of all cases of liver cancer.
• Liver angiosarcoma
Liver angiosarcoma is liver cancer that begins in the blood vessel cells in the liver. Angiosarcoma tends to develop rapidly and is often only detected at an advanced stage.
• Cholangiocarcinoma
Cholangiocarcinoma is a liver cancer that grows in the cells of the bile ducts. Cholangiocarcinoma can start in the bile ducts that are inside the liver (intrahepatic) or in the bile ducts outside the liver (extrahepatic).
• Hepatoblastoma
Hepatoblastoma is liver cancer that starts from immature liver cells. This cancer is very rare and usually only occurs in children under 3 years of age.
B. SECONDARY LIVER CANCER
Secondary liver cancer is cancer that grows in other organs and then spreads to the liver. Cancers from other organs that most often spread to the liver are stomach cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer and breast cancer.
CAUSE FACTORS OF LIVER CANCER:
• Chronic hepatitis B virus
• Liver cirrhosis
• Hepatitis C
• Alcoholic
• Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)
• Non Alcoholic Hepatosteatosis (NASH)
• Consumption of toxic foods that are high in aflatoxins
• Long-term exposure to pollutants such as inhaling PVC used in plastics manufacturing plants
• Congenital cholangitis or choledochal cysts can cause bile duct cancer.
HOW TO PREVENT LIVER CANCER:
• Stop smoking
• Stop alcohol
• Adequate rest and high antioxidant consumption
• Avoid transmission of hepatitis B virus
• Use condoms and do not reuse used needles
• Store food properly and be aware of food that has been contaminated eg nuts, seeds and corn can rot and produce aflatoxins which can increase the risk of developing liver cancer. The food should be stored in a cool place to avoid spoilage.
• Hepatitis virus carriers should have regular medical check-ups, which can help detect the disease at an early stage.
• Maintain ideal body weight to prevent fatty liver which will have an impact on liver cancer
• Avoid using illegal drugs
• Do not change partners to prevent transmission of hepatitis B and C viruses.
• Routinely wash hands with soap and water before activities and before eating
• Get hepatitis B vaccination to prevent hepatitis transmission.
WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF LIVER CANCER?
In general, the liver can repair itself, but in conditions such as liver cancer at an early stage it does not show significant symptoms because even though there is a small portion of the normal liver from the liver, the liver can still function as usual. As the tumor grows larger, the patient will experience the following symptoms:
• Right upper quadrant abdominal pain
• Right shoulder pain: if the liver is swollen it can stimulate the diaphragmatic nerve and this nerve is connected to a nerve located in the right shoulder
• Loss of appetite and weight, feeling nauseous and sleepy
• Palpable lump in upper right abdomen
• Yellow skin and eyes, itchy skin (the bile duct is blocked by a tumor and causes bile pigment to build up in the bloodstream and cause jaundice).
• Dark tea-colored urine and pale stools
• Ascites (fluid collection in the abdomen).
Author: dr yulia agustina (Pramita Clinical Laboratory Medical Consultant Doctor Jl. DI. Panjaitan No. 7-7A Kampung Kali, Semarang)
