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INTRODUCTION IN DIGESTIVE DISORDERS
Tue, 10 May 2022
Examinations carried out to see the digestive system include laboratory tests such as stool examinations and non-laboratory examinations: x-rays and ultrasonography (USG).
These examinations can help make a diagnosis, determine the location of abnormalities and treatment steps for diseases of the digestive system.
A. Laboratory Examination
• Stool Examination
Stool examination is needed to detect diseases or disorders of the digestive system as well as to check the presence of blood, sugar, fat, infection-causing microorganisms, bile, and white blood cells, as well as to measure the level of acidity in stool samples.
Stool examination is divided into two types, namely:
• Fecal occult blood test (FOBT), to find the presence or absence of blood in the stool using chemicals.
• Stool culture, to detect the presence of bacteria that cause infections in the digestive tract.
Indications for Stool Examination
The doctor will perform a stool examination on patients suspected of having the following conditions:
• Allergies or inflammation in the digestive tract, such as milk allergy in infants
• Infections, whether caused by bacteria, fungi, worms, or viruses, that attack the digestive tract
• Nutritional indigestion or malabsorption syndrome
• Bleeding in the digestive tract.
In addition, stool examination is also carried out to:
• Knowing the cause of the symptoms of gastrointestinal disorders, such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, flatulence, abdominal pain or cramps, slimy bowel movements, and fever.
• Detect cancer or precancerous polyps in the colon, by looking at the presence or absence of blood in the stool.
• Identify diseases of the liver, pancreas, or digestive tract, by checking the level of enzymes in the patient's stool.
B. Non-Laboratory Examination
• X-ray / Abdominal Plain Photo.
Plain abdominal radiographs are standard X-rays for the abdomen, which do not require special preparation from the patient. X-rays are usually used to show:
a. A blockage
b. Gastrointestinal paralysis
c. Abnormal air patterns in the abdominal cavity
d. Enlargement of organs (eg liver, kidney, spleen).
• Abdominal Ultrasound
Ultrasound uses air waves to produce images of the internal organs. Ultrasound can show the size and shape of various organs (eg liver and pancreas) and can also show abnormal areas in them and ultrasound can also show the presence of fluid. Ultrasound is a painless and risk-free procedure.
The examiner presses a small instrument against the abdominal wall and directs sound waves to various parts of the abdomen by moving the device. An image of the internal organs can be viewed on a monitor screen and can be printed or recorded on video film.
Author : dr. Iman Susanto (Medical Consultant Doctor Pramita Clinical Laboratory Jl. Samanhudi No. 21 Central Jakarta)
These examinations can help make a diagnosis, determine the location of abnormalities and treatment steps for diseases of the digestive system.
A. Laboratory Examination
• Stool Examination
Stool examination is needed to detect diseases or disorders of the digestive system as well as to check the presence of blood, sugar, fat, infection-causing microorganisms, bile, and white blood cells, as well as to measure the level of acidity in stool samples.
Stool examination is divided into two types, namely:
• Fecal occult blood test (FOBT), to find the presence or absence of blood in the stool using chemicals.
• Stool culture, to detect the presence of bacteria that cause infections in the digestive tract.
Indications for Stool Examination
The doctor will perform a stool examination on patients suspected of having the following conditions:
• Allergies or inflammation in the digestive tract, such as milk allergy in infants
• Infections, whether caused by bacteria, fungi, worms, or viruses, that attack the digestive tract
• Nutritional indigestion or malabsorption syndrome
• Bleeding in the digestive tract.
In addition, stool examination is also carried out to:
• Knowing the cause of the symptoms of gastrointestinal disorders, such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, flatulence, abdominal pain or cramps, slimy bowel movements, and fever.
• Detect cancer or precancerous polyps in the colon, by looking at the presence or absence of blood in the stool.
• Identify diseases of the liver, pancreas, or digestive tract, by checking the level of enzymes in the patient's stool.
B. Non-Laboratory Examination
• X-ray / Abdominal Plain Photo.
Plain abdominal radiographs are standard X-rays for the abdomen, which do not require special preparation from the patient. X-rays are usually used to show:
a. A blockage
b. Gastrointestinal paralysis
c. Abnormal air patterns in the abdominal cavity
d. Enlargement of organs (eg liver, kidney, spleen).
• Abdominal Ultrasound
Ultrasound uses air waves to produce images of the internal organs. Ultrasound can show the size and shape of various organs (eg liver and pancreas) and can also show abnormal areas in them and ultrasound can also show the presence of fluid. Ultrasound is a painless and risk-free procedure.
The examiner presses a small instrument against the abdominal wall and directs sound waves to various parts of the abdomen by moving the device. An image of the internal organs can be viewed on a monitor screen and can be printed or recorded on video film.
Author : dr. Iman Susanto (Medical Consultant Doctor Pramita Clinical Laboratory Jl. Samanhudi No. 21 Central Jakarta)
