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IDENTIFY VARIOUS DISORDERS IN THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Thu, 8 Dec 2022
The digestive system functions to digest incoming food so that it can be absorbed by the body and used as fuel in metabolism. The organs that are included in the digestive system start from the mouth, esophagus, stomach, duodenum, small intestine, large intestine, to the anus. In addition, there is also the liver, gallbladder and pancreas which have a function in assisting the digestive process even though they are not passed by food directly.
Digestive system disorders often arise in most people. This can be caused by infection, increased stomach acid, changes in diet and others.
The following are some disorders that can arise in the digestive system:
1. Diarrhea
According to the WHO definition, diarrhea is a condition where the consistency of bowel movements is more liquid than usual, with a frequency of three or more times in a 24-hour period. Diarrhea can be caused by infection with microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, parasites, protozoa), changes in diet or due to the inability to digest certain food substances. The thing to watch out for with diarrhea is that it is prone to dehydration, especially in children. For this reason, the fulfillment of adequate fluid hydration in patients with diarrhea is a matter of great concern. The use of antibiotics in cases of diarrhea is only given if there are indications that the cause leads to certain bacteria or protozoa. Sometimes, diarrhea can also be accompanied by accompanying symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, flatulence or fever.
2. Constipation (constipation)
Constipation or constipation is a condition in which the frequency of bowel movements becomes less frequent (less than 3x a week) and is accompanied by difficulty defecating. Usually the symptoms that arise are hard bowel movements, having to strain during bowel movements, feeling that the stool is at the end of the rectum but cannot come out and so on. This can be caused by a diet lacking in fiber, not drinking enough water or decreased bowel movements. To prevent constipation, make sure you always eat fibrous foods and drink enough water in a day, maintain good sleep patterns and do physical activity to stimulate normal bowel movements.
3. Dyspepsia
Complaints in the stomach in the solar plexus often occur in most people. Lay people usually call it the term "maag" which comes from Dutch, meaning stomach. In medical language it is called dyspepsia, which means discomfort in the stomach area. Complaints to the stomach can arise in the form of stomach pain, heartburn, stomach feeling full (full), nausea, vomiting, bloating, frequent belching and others. This can be caused by increased stomach acid that irritates the stomach lining or due to obstructed gastric emptying. Besides that, it can also be caused by Helicobacter pylori infection or long-term consumption of pain relievers which can trigger stomach ulcers, namely injuries to the lining of the stomach and duodenum. For those of you who often experience this symptom, be sure to always pay attention to meal times, avoid foods that are irritating to the stomach such as coffee, spicy, sour, coconut milk, and manage stress well.
4. GERD (Gatroesophageal Reflux Disease)
GERD is a condition where stomach acid rises up into the esophagus. This condition is caused by a weakening of the valve (sphincter) located in the lower esophagus. Under normal conditions, this valve will close when food reaches the stomach to be digested. However, because the sphincter weakens and is also influenced by other factors such as increased abdominal pressure (for example pregnant women), obesity, lying down after eating, this causes stomach acid to rise up to the esophagus. Symptoms include a burning/hot feeling in the chest, tightness, a sour taste in the back of the mouth, a lump in the throat and coughing. Apart from avoiding foods that are irritating to the stomach, those of you who have these symptoms also need to maintain a distance between eating and sleeping, at least 2-3 hours apart. In addition, lose weight for those of you who are in the obese category.
5. Hepatitis
Hepatitis or inflammation of the liver is a disease caused by the hepatitis virus. There are many types of hepatitis viruses: A, B, C, D, E.
Description :
▪Hepatitis A is caused by the Hepatitis A virus, spread via fecal-oral. That is, through food or drink contaminated with the patient's feces containing the hepatitis A virus. In general, this type of hepatitis will heal by itself. Of course maintaining good environmental hygiene and sanitation is the key to efforts to prevent this disease.
▪ Hepatitis B is caused by the hepatitis B virus. Transmission of this disease is through direct contact with body fluids such as blood, vaginal fluids and semen.
▪Hepatitis C is caused by the Hepatitis C virus. Similar to hepatitis B, this virus is also transmitted through contact with body fluids, such as during sexual intercourse, sharing needles, blood transfusions or mother to baby delivery.
▪Hepatitis D is rare, but not to be underestimated. The disease caused by the hepatitis D virus cannot occur without hepatitis B. Transmission is also similar, namely through contact with body fluids.
▪ Hepatitis E is caused by the hepatitis E virus, transmitted via the fecal-oral route. Just like hepatitis A, this disease also often occurs in conditions of poor hygiene and sanitation, for example water and food sources.
In people who have hepatitis, symptoms or complaints will appear such as upper right abdominal pain, fever, yellow skin and eyes, nausea, vomiting, weakness, pale stools and dark urine. It is necessary to pay attention to the risk factors for each type of hepatitis so that you can avoid it, such as adopting a clean and healthy lifestyle, not having multiple sexual partners and not using sharing needles.
6. Piles / hemorrhoids (hemorrhoids)
Hemorrhoids or hemorrhoids are conditions where there is dilation and swelling of the veins in the anal area. The symptoms experienced are usually pain in the anus, bloody bowel movements, a lump in the anal area and difficulty sitting. This case is heavily influenced by the factor of frequent pushing, such as in the case of mothers giving birth, people who often have hard bowel movements/constipation and others. As a prevention, make sure you consume lots of fibrous foods and meet your daily fluid needs.
Author : dr. Eta Auria Latiefa, Medical Consultant Doctor of PRAMITA Clinical Laboratory Jl. Miss Di Tiro No. 17 Yogyakarta.
Digestive system disorders often arise in most people. This can be caused by infection, increased stomach acid, changes in diet and others.
The following are some disorders that can arise in the digestive system:
1. Diarrhea
According to the WHO definition, diarrhea is a condition where the consistency of bowel movements is more liquid than usual, with a frequency of three or more times in a 24-hour period. Diarrhea can be caused by infection with microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, parasites, protozoa), changes in diet or due to the inability to digest certain food substances. The thing to watch out for with diarrhea is that it is prone to dehydration, especially in children. For this reason, the fulfillment of adequate fluid hydration in patients with diarrhea is a matter of great concern. The use of antibiotics in cases of diarrhea is only given if there are indications that the cause leads to certain bacteria or protozoa. Sometimes, diarrhea can also be accompanied by accompanying symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, flatulence or fever.
2. Constipation (constipation)
Constipation or constipation is a condition in which the frequency of bowel movements becomes less frequent (less than 3x a week) and is accompanied by difficulty defecating. Usually the symptoms that arise are hard bowel movements, having to strain during bowel movements, feeling that the stool is at the end of the rectum but cannot come out and so on. This can be caused by a diet lacking in fiber, not drinking enough water or decreased bowel movements. To prevent constipation, make sure you always eat fibrous foods and drink enough water in a day, maintain good sleep patterns and do physical activity to stimulate normal bowel movements.
3. Dyspepsia
Complaints in the stomach in the solar plexus often occur in most people. Lay people usually call it the term "maag" which comes from Dutch, meaning stomach. In medical language it is called dyspepsia, which means discomfort in the stomach area. Complaints to the stomach can arise in the form of stomach pain, heartburn, stomach feeling full (full), nausea, vomiting, bloating, frequent belching and others. This can be caused by increased stomach acid that irritates the stomach lining or due to obstructed gastric emptying. Besides that, it can also be caused by Helicobacter pylori infection or long-term consumption of pain relievers which can trigger stomach ulcers, namely injuries to the lining of the stomach and duodenum. For those of you who often experience this symptom, be sure to always pay attention to meal times, avoid foods that are irritating to the stomach such as coffee, spicy, sour, coconut milk, and manage stress well.
4. GERD (Gatroesophageal Reflux Disease)
GERD is a condition where stomach acid rises up into the esophagus. This condition is caused by a weakening of the valve (sphincter) located in the lower esophagus. Under normal conditions, this valve will close when food reaches the stomach to be digested. However, because the sphincter weakens and is also influenced by other factors such as increased abdominal pressure (for example pregnant women), obesity, lying down after eating, this causes stomach acid to rise up to the esophagus. Symptoms include a burning/hot feeling in the chest, tightness, a sour taste in the back of the mouth, a lump in the throat and coughing. Apart from avoiding foods that are irritating to the stomach, those of you who have these symptoms also need to maintain a distance between eating and sleeping, at least 2-3 hours apart. In addition, lose weight for those of you who are in the obese category.
5. Hepatitis
Hepatitis or inflammation of the liver is a disease caused by the hepatitis virus. There are many types of hepatitis viruses: A, B, C, D, E.
Description :
▪Hepatitis A is caused by the Hepatitis A virus, spread via fecal-oral. That is, through food or drink contaminated with the patient's feces containing the hepatitis A virus. In general, this type of hepatitis will heal by itself. Of course maintaining good environmental hygiene and sanitation is the key to efforts to prevent this disease.
▪ Hepatitis B is caused by the hepatitis B virus. Transmission of this disease is through direct contact with body fluids such as blood, vaginal fluids and semen.
▪Hepatitis C is caused by the Hepatitis C virus. Similar to hepatitis B, this virus is also transmitted through contact with body fluids, such as during sexual intercourse, sharing needles, blood transfusions or mother to baby delivery.
▪Hepatitis D is rare, but not to be underestimated. The disease caused by the hepatitis D virus cannot occur without hepatitis B. Transmission is also similar, namely through contact with body fluids.
▪ Hepatitis E is caused by the hepatitis E virus, transmitted via the fecal-oral route. Just like hepatitis A, this disease also often occurs in conditions of poor hygiene and sanitation, for example water and food sources.
In people who have hepatitis, symptoms or complaints will appear such as upper right abdominal pain, fever, yellow skin and eyes, nausea, vomiting, weakness, pale stools and dark urine. It is necessary to pay attention to the risk factors for each type of hepatitis so that you can avoid it, such as adopting a clean and healthy lifestyle, not having multiple sexual partners and not using sharing needles.
6. Piles / hemorrhoids (hemorrhoids)
Hemorrhoids or hemorrhoids are conditions where there is dilation and swelling of the veins in the anal area. The symptoms experienced are usually pain in the anus, bloody bowel movements, a lump in the anal area and difficulty sitting. This case is heavily influenced by the factor of frequent pushing, such as in the case of mothers giving birth, people who often have hard bowel movements/constipation and others. As a prevention, make sure you consume lots of fibrous foods and meet your daily fluid needs.
Author : dr. Eta Auria Latiefa, Medical Consultant Doctor of PRAMITA Clinical Laboratory Jl. Miss Di Tiro No. 17 Yogyakarta.
