The progression of cancer takes time, which is why cervical cancer can be prevented by early detection through cervical cancer screenings such as Pap smears and HPV DNA tests.

Pap smear is a procedure to detect cervical cancer in women. It can also identify abnormal cells (precancerous cells) in the cervix that may develop into cancer.

There are 13 types of high-risk HPV that can be detected through HPV DNA testing. HPV DNA testing is performed together with Pap smear as the primary screening for cervical cancer, especially for women over 30 years old. HPV DNA testing is also recommended if the Pap smear results are unclear or confusing.

Women aged 21-65 years are advised to undergo regular Pap smears, especially if sexually active. Cervical cancer, triggered by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, can be transmitted through sexual intercourse and skin contact.

PREPARATION FOR PAP SMEAR AND HPV DNA TESTS

The ideal time to undergo the examination is outside of menstruation or at least 7 days after the end of menstruation.

Pap smear and HPV DNA tests are not recommended for pregnant women beyond 25 weeks of gestation. Routine Pap smears can be performed again at least 12 weeks after delivery.

Two days before the procedure, patients are advised not to:

• Have sexual intercourse

• Clean the inside of the vagina with water, vinegar, or other fluids

• Insert anything into the vagina, including tampons, vaginal creams, or medications.

There are two types of HPV screening materials:

1. Vaginal secretions

2. Urine

(These can be comfortably self-collected.)

The preparations for the examination include:

• No fasting is required.

• Avoid sexual intercourse for 24 hours prior.

• Ensure the vaginal area is clean and dry.

• Consult a doctor if pregnant or experiencing a urinary tract infection.

Author: Dr. Puppy Nawangwulan (Medical Laboratory Services at PRAMITA Clinic, Jl. Jemur Andayani No. 67, Surabaya)