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EXAMINATION ON LIVER CANCER
Thu, 4 Aug 2022
Liver cancer or commonly known as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a terminal condition that is preceded by several previous diseases. Early detection and prevention are the best efforts against this condition. Some tests that can be used for early detection of liver cancer include:
I. LABORATORY EXAMINATION
A. Liver Function Check
1. SGOT/ AST
2. SGPT/ALT
3. Bilirubin
4. Albumin
5. Gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidase (GGT)
6. AFP (Alpha Fetoprotein).
On examination of liver function, chronic liver disease is usually characterized by an increase in SGOT/AST, SGPT/ALT and an increase in AFP to levels >500.
Bilirubin examination can be used to see if there is a problem with the distribution of bile. Then if you get a low serum albumin level, it can indicate a liver disorder. As well as GGT examination can prove whether the increase in AFP is due to liver damage.
B. Hepatitis Virus Serology Examination
Chronic viral hepatitis infection is a major cause of liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma) in developing countries.
The examination consists of: HBsAg, Anti HBs, HBeAg, Anti HBe, HBV DNA, IgM Anti HBc, Anti HBc.
The examination consists of: IgM Anti HCV, Anti HCV, HCV RNA.
Hepatitis D virus infection accompanies Hepatitis B virus infection. This examination is rarely done because its occurrence is very rare.
C. Examination of Blood Clotting Factors
A damaged liver cannot produce enough blood clotting factors, increasing the risk of bleeding. The examination that can be done is the PT (Prothrombin Time) examination.
D. Blood chemistry examination
1. Blood calcium: increased in liver cancer conditions.
2. Blood glucose: decreased in liver cancer.
3. Cholesterol: increased in liver cancer.
E. Anatomical Pathology Examination
Liver biopsy examination is the standard standard to determine the stage of liver cancer. In this examination, a small amount of liver tissue is taken and then observed using a microscope to see malignant cells.
II. Non-LABORATORY EXAMINATION
Abdominal ultrasound, used to scan liver structures to confirm tumor size and location. In addition, in chronic conditions can also be found free fluid (ascites) in the abdominal cavity. Patients should be advised to fast for drinking or eating for 4 hours before the test is carried out.
If abnormal examination results are found, the patient is strongly advised to consult an Internal Medicine Specialist for further management.
By maintaining a healthy lifestyle and staying away from all risk factors for liver cancer is a way to prevent this disease. However, do not be afraid if you experience the disease. Immediately consult your doctor as soon as possible, if you experience symptoms of liver cancer.
Author: dr yulia agustina (Pramita Clinical Laboratory Medical Consultant Doctor Jl. DI. Panjaitan No. 7-7A Kampung Kali, Semarang)
I. LABORATORY EXAMINATION
A. Liver Function Check
1. SGOT/ AST
2. SGPT/ALT
3. Bilirubin
4. Albumin
5. Gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidase (GGT)
6. AFP (Alpha Fetoprotein).
On examination of liver function, chronic liver disease is usually characterized by an increase in SGOT/AST, SGPT/ALT and an increase in AFP to levels >500.
Bilirubin examination can be used to see if there is a problem with the distribution of bile. Then if you get a low serum albumin level, it can indicate a liver disorder. As well as GGT examination can prove whether the increase in AFP is due to liver damage.
B. Hepatitis Virus Serology Examination
Chronic viral hepatitis infection is a major cause of liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma) in developing countries.
- Hepatitis B
The examination consists of: HBsAg, Anti HBs, HBeAg, Anti HBe, HBV DNA, IgM Anti HBc, Anti HBc.
- Hepatitis C
The examination consists of: IgM Anti HCV, Anti HCV, HCV RNA.
- Hepatitis D
Hepatitis D virus infection accompanies Hepatitis B virus infection. This examination is rarely done because its occurrence is very rare.
C. Examination of Blood Clotting Factors
A damaged liver cannot produce enough blood clotting factors, increasing the risk of bleeding. The examination that can be done is the PT (Prothrombin Time) examination.
D. Blood chemistry examination
1. Blood calcium: increased in liver cancer conditions.
2. Blood glucose: decreased in liver cancer.
3. Cholesterol: increased in liver cancer.
E. Anatomical Pathology Examination
Liver biopsy examination is the standard standard to determine the stage of liver cancer. In this examination, a small amount of liver tissue is taken and then observed using a microscope to see malignant cells.
II. Non-LABORATORY EXAMINATION
Abdominal ultrasound, used to scan liver structures to confirm tumor size and location. In addition, in chronic conditions can also be found free fluid (ascites) in the abdominal cavity. Patients should be advised to fast for drinking or eating for 4 hours before the test is carried out.
If abnormal examination results are found, the patient is strongly advised to consult an Internal Medicine Specialist for further management.
By maintaining a healthy lifestyle and staying away from all risk factors for liver cancer is a way to prevent this disease. However, do not be afraid if you experience the disease. Immediately consult your doctor as soon as possible, if you experience symptoms of liver cancer.
Author: dr yulia agustina (Pramita Clinical Laboratory Medical Consultant Doctor Jl. DI. Panjaitan No. 7-7A Kampung Kali, Semarang)
