In addition to facing a Pandemic Covid-19, the community also deserves to be aware of the threat of transmission of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) which often appears in the rainy season. From January to December 2021 there was an increase in DHF cases, including those who died as a result of contracting DHF, for that, it was hoped that the community must be aware of the potential for DHF transmission. The Ministry of Health noted, the DHF cases in Indonesia in July 2021 reached 19,156 cases reported by 405 of the total districts / cities in Indonesia and West Java Province in the first position with the highest number of cases.
The day of national dengue fever is celebrated every April 22. This annual warning is the momentum of increasing awareness and understanding of the community regarding dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) was caused by one of the four types of Dengue Virus (DENV) which was transmitted through the bite of the Aedes Aegypti and Aedes Albopictus mosquito, namely transmission from humans-humans. The two mosquitoes bite in the morning until the afternoon before evening. Rain caused a number of puddles, Aedes Aegypty and Aedes Albopictus mosquitoes breed by water. The best prevention effort is to eradicate mosquito nests (PSN) socializing 3M movements, namely:
- Drain water in the shelter
- Close the meeting of water shelter, and
- Bury or re-advantage of used goods that have the potential to become the breeding place for the digest mosquito DHF, and abatization, namely the abate usage program which is an insecticide containing 1% active ingredients to eradicate mosquito larvae that can last for 8-12 weeks when sprinkled into water , but the community is calmer if there is fogging. Fogging is a fumigation with pesticides that aim to kill mosquitoes widely, but fogging is only effective in killing adult mosquitoes not for larvae, eggs, or mosquito larvae. Indications carried out fogging were when 3 positive cases of dengue fever in the area in the neighborhood around the house within a 100 meter radius. In principle, fogging uses pesticides where negative effects and resistance will occur if done continuously and not in accordance with indication. The implementation of fogging must be done at the right time, which is around 07.00 - 10.00 and 14.00 - 17.00. Because at that time Aedes aegepty mosquito was active and acting in biting humans.
In the middle of this covid-19 pandemic, the public needs to be more sensitive to detect the symptoms of DHF while the symptoms of DHF do not immediately emerge, a person just feels symptoms at 4 to 10 days after being bitten by mosquitoes with dengue. The most common symptoms are high fever up to 40 degrees Celsius. Red spots that appear on the surface of the skin are signs of bleeding on the skin due to platelet decreases. The existence of plasma leakage (plasma leakage) due to increased vascular permeability characterized by increased hematocrit / hemoconcentration ≥ 20% of the baseline value, DHF can develop into a heavy condition and is an emergency, which is called Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS). Need to be diawaspadi If the symptoms appear in the form of vomiting, abdominal pain, changes in body temperature from fever become cold or hypothermia, and slowing pulse, this can cause death when sufferers experience shock due to bleeding.
Until now there has been no specific drugs to fight or cure DHF. Giving drugs is only intended to reduce symptoms, such as fever, pain, and prevent complications. In addition, DBD sufferers are recommended for rest and drink enough water, milk, fruit juice, electrolytes, water tajin so that it is not dehydrated. With a frequency of good urination every 4-6 hours.
Author: S.M.Susianna., Dr., sp.pk (Doctor in charge of the Pramita Branch Clinic Laboratory Jl. Martadinata No. 135 Bandung)