Appendicitis, also known as the appendix inflammation or the commonly called "appendix," is a common gastrointestinal disease in the community.

The appendix is a small, pouch-like organ attached to the large intestine in the lower right side of the abdominal cavity. Its function is still unknown, but when it becomes blocked or infected, it can rupture and quickly become inflamed, swollen, and filled with pus. This condition can cause severe pain in the lower right abdomen. Appendicitis can occur in both males and females of all age groups and can be fatal if not promptly treated.

Complications that can arise include perforation, peritonitis, and even sepsis, which can lead to death. Therefore, appendicitis is a critical condition that requires medical attention.

The exact cause of appendicitis is still unknown. However, there are several factors believed to contribute to the development of appendicitis, such as:

• Parasitic growth in the digestive system, such as pinworm or ascariasis infection.
• Certain medical conditions, such as abdominal tumors or inflammatory bowel disease.
• Abdominal injuries.
• There is a myth that certain foods, like chili seeds, can cause appendicitis. However, the truth of this claim has not been scientifically proven.
• Obstruction in the entrance of the appendix due to the accumulation of hardened feces or stool.
• Thickening or swelling of the appendix wall tissue due to infections in the digestive tract or other parts of the body.

A key factor in diagnosing appendicitis is the characteristic pain, which starts in the lower abdomen near the belly button and then moves to the lower right side of the abdomen. The exact location may vary depending on the individual's age and the position of the appendix itself. The pain is persistent and worsens, especially with movement, deep breaths, coughing, or sneezing. It can also occur suddenly, even while the patient is sleeping.

One test that can be performed is gentle pressure applied to the abdomen above the left hip bone, followed by a quick release. If there is a stabbing pain when the hand is released, it is likely to be appendicitis or inflammation of the peritoneum. Other symptoms may include nausea and vomiting, loss of appetite, mild fever that can worsen as the disease progresses, constipation or bloating, and diarrhea.

Author: Dr. Lely Nurhayati, M.H. (Laboratory Medical Service Doctor at PRAMITA Clinic Branch on Jl. Raya Mulyosari No. 50-52, Block PEE 14-15, Surabaya)